本月技术动态，共更新**项国际前沿技术信息。 编译 | 惊蛰 二丫 近期在国际石油行业，得力于石油勘探开发新技术、新仪器、新装备的涌现，全球石油行业，特别是海洋石油行业，正迎来新的腾飞与突破，呈现出一派“月出鸟鸣，春机盎然”的蓬勃景象。 轻型压裂桥塞减少作业时间 近日，Baker Hughes发布了轻质压裂桥塞MILLITE，该公司表示：“相比于当前市场上同类工具，MILLITE的磨铣更平稳，其使用后井筒更清洁，能够降低成本，显著缩短作业时间”。MILLITE完全由工程合金材料制成，不含任何重金属或陶瓷部件，其耐磨和防预置设计消除了下入卡钻风险，可实现超过***英尺/分钟的下入速度。现场作业中，工具的电缆适配器简化了装配，即使在高达**,*** psi的压力下，桥塞的摩擦滑动锚固系统和填料元件可将其牢固地固定在套管中。MILLITE的磨铣更快速，更轻松，所需扭矩更小，有助于延长电机寿命，降低作业成本。MILLITE比重仅为*.*，磨铣产生的细小碎屑可以漂浮到井外，无需额外的清洁方式或昂贵的化学品添加。由于工具整体长度不足**in，与标准桥塞相比，其紧凑的设计也有助于降低磨铣碎屑体积。 MILLITE轻型桥塞完全有工程合金制作，比同类工具轻**%以上，磨铣更容易，碎屑更易排出 提高数据捕获效率 降低作业成本 Halliburton公司发布了其Cerebro钻头内置传感器工具。通过钻头内置的传感器，Cerebro直接从钻头获取钻井性能数据并进行及时分析，以优化刀具应用，减少不确定性，提高钻井效率。通过连续捕获钻井工具的振动和运动数据，Cerebro为整个钻井作业提供了前所未有的视界。这些信息将帮助作业人员定位发生损坏的位置，或解决由于设计、操作参数不当导致的性能低效问题。该系统为几种常见的钻头问题做了全新定义，包括横向和轴向振动、扭转阻力、旋转和粘/滑等，这些都会对钻进速度和可靠性产生负面影响。在最近的一次钻井作业中，Cerebro获得的信息帮助作业人员选择了更锋利切割结构，达到了提高钻井效率、缩短作业时间的目的。此外，这些数据还表明，在该井的软地层区域，可以提高钻进速度，而不会受到振动的影响。 Cerebro服务可提高钻井数据获取能力，提高钻井效率 合作共赢 压裂裂缝表征新突破 据悉，C&J Energy Services正在与Seismos合作，共同开发水力压裂裂缝实时表征方案。 两家公司希望通过合作，开发出可定制化的工作流程，将对油藏的理解转化为压裂设计的优化，为油田开发和运营提效。关于这次合作的重点，主要在于实时量化各种完井设计对产层开采性能的影响，使作业人眼能够即时调整压裂作业进程。利用C＆J的LateralScience地质力学数据，以及Seismos的详细裂缝系统测量，开发商就能够理解和量化各种完井设计对产层开发潜能的影响。 智能警报系统 帮助消除钻井过载 近日，Petrolink发布了Manage By Exception（MBE）系统，这是一种新型软件解决方案，旨在帮助钻井人员根据重要性为钻井过程中产生的大量警报排序，钻井人员能够在合适的时间将相关工作分配给合适的作业人员。MBE是一种生产效率改善系统，基于用户定义的异常，帮助控制需要显示的警报，从而消除警报过载。在MBE的帮助下，开发商可以识别想要监控的井，并能够将相应的警报发送给指定的作业人员。在问题恶化之前，MBE就能识别问题，操作员可以实时纠正错误，确保设备完整性。用户还可以灵活地调整MBE的问题识别或通知规则，使该系统适应各种实时情况和井/井眼情况。此外，MBE系统可以同时远程监控多个钻机的多个作业，或在多个井场实施大范围的钻井作业。除了屏幕上的通知，MBE系统还可以通过文本和电子邮件发送消息，允许技术人员在办公室实现远距离计算机办公。在线ROV市场 带来新的作业机遇 ROVHUB公司于今年一月份推出了第一个ROV在线选择交易“市场”。其创始人David Gault表示，在****年油气市场低迷期间，他看到大量的ROV处于闲置状态，随后便建立了ROVHUB。“油气市场正在复苏，但目前仍有大量ROV产能未被有效利用。ROVHUB能够为ROV利用提供更多的机会，这些设备不仅可以在其核心区域和行业应用，还以拓展到再生能源和水产养殖等其他行业，设备利用效率将会大幅提高。该服务将促使其他行业了解到油气中使用的ROV技术。ROVHUB花了两年的时间在，为其数据库中添加了拥有数千个ROV的数百家ROV。”Gault认为该平台的出现是海洋和近海工业数字化趋势的一个重要组成部分。“油气行业中的数字技术应用正在日益加快步伐，这不仅仅是削减成本的问题，还涉及自动化手动流程，还可以释放资源，让其在其他领域发挥更大的作用，并且通过不同的方式创造机会。” 新型耐高压尾管封隔器 近日，国民油井华高（NOV）发布了新型液压多级压裂MSF衬管顶部封隔器。新MSF的额定压力为**,*** psi，最高工作温度达到*** ℉，符合美国石油协会***** V*的严格标准。该工具专为水平井多级水力压裂完井而设计，可承受增产作业过程中的高压差和作业管串负载。MSF的卡瓦设计得到优化，与套管几乎完全密封接触，即使在高等级的套管中也能在高作业压力下平稳运行。此外，单件式密封元件有助于避免工具滑动，并且能够在尾管下入过程中保持较高循环速率，保障井筒清洁。 MSF尾管封隔器可以在水泥套管、裸眼井的多级水力压裂中采用，包括大斜度井、水平井等复杂井况 新型软件改善地质勘探作业效果 近日，FracGeo发布了全新软件模块DrillPredictor，这是一个基于云技术、可订阅的Web服务，可以完全的将完井优化选择交给油气开发商。基于来自承包商的常用地面钻探数据，DrillPredictor可以根据不断变化的油藏地质力学等信息，提供及时的压裂作业优化方案。DrillPredictor使用了FracGeo的校正机械比能（CMSE）技术，可以解决任何类型钻井设备（包括旋转导向系统和泥浆马达）沿井筒的摩擦损失问题。FracGeo的CMSE专门用于计算沿井筒的孔隙压力、应力、天然裂缝和地质力学等测井信息。在钻井完成后，开发商既可以使用这些测井数据，得到多种完井优化策略，包括量化的压裂簇效率等。然后利用FracGeo的快速压裂设计和油藏模拟技术，计算得到支撑裂缝几何形状及开采过程的油藏消耗情况。为了保持准确性，所有计算与模拟结构都可通过光纤，微震矩张量反演和生产测井数据进行验证。 美国Argonne带来亲水疏油涂层技术 原油是粘性物质，经常堵塞滤膜和油然气开采中的设备。近日，美国能源部阿贡（Argonne）国家实验室的科学家开发出一种新型的专利技术，可以延长关键设备的使用寿命。据悉，此发明包括一种滤膜表面的亲水-疏油薄膜金属氧化物涂层，其可以捕获松散的水分子，同时不会受到油污影响。对于油然气行业来说，油污膜的处理往往成本非常高。例如，在水力压裂作业中，更换堵塞的过滤器通常需要关闭设备，延长作业时间，而耐油膜可以显著减少更换过滤器和停机次数。Argonne的原子层沉积工艺可防止滤膜在水力压裂过程中发生堵塞，从而更高效的过滤水，帮助操作人员实现水的重复使用。该技术这可以直接替代当前普遍使用的过滤器单元，还可以帮助进行溢油清理工作。用氧化物涂层技术处理过的管道和容器表面清理也非常容易，只需简单冲洗即可保持清洁。 新型人工智能技术 提速油气开采 据悉，BP 近日投资***万美元用于Belmont Technology公司的A轮融资，以期进一步加强BP在人工智能（AI）及油气开采中的数字化能力。位******Belmont开发了一个基于云技术的地球科学平台，其利用人工智能技术，具有一系列独特的功能，包括专门设计的“知识地图”。BP的技术专家为该平台提供了地质、地球物理、油藏和历史数据等信息。该平台直观地将这些信息链接在一起，从而识别出新的机会，建立新的工作流程，为BP创建功能强大的资产地图。就像我们平时所有的数据搜索一样，BP专家可以在该平台上查询数据，询问特定的问题。该平台使用AI神经网络来解释结果，并能够执行快速模拟。如果进展顺利，此项目能够缩短项目周期，从勘探到油藏建模，其目标是减少在数据收集、解释和模拟方面**%的时间。 生物降解防腐液 保障水下设备完整性 近日，Universal Subsea Inc.（USI）发布了一种名为Defender Stasis LT的环保型海底设备防腐液。Defender Stasis LT是一种轻质、无毒、可生物降解的保护液，可为海底设备及密封接触面提供长期保护，其与油田作业中使用的所有金属和非金属材料兼容。Defender Stasis LT是海底设备保护的理想选择，可在设备运输，储存或湿式停车期间保护海底采油树、海底歧管、跳线和油管内部。非常重要的一点，该保存液完全满足海上钻井液的排放要求和规定。USI总经理Sean Thomas说：“Defender Stasis LT是第一个能够满足全球海上油气生产国监管要求的海底井口保护液。”由于挥发性非常低，闪点高，燃点高，Defender Stasis LT还是一种耐火型液压油。该产品的毒性可忽略不计，为最低毒性的油田作业化学药剂，即使作业人员与其接触，也无需有安全方面的忧虑。此外，Defender Stasis LT可回收利用，可以按照原始规格进行再加工。对于运输或储存应用中回收的保存液，客户可以选择回收利用，而无需支付废液处理成本。 紧凑型射孔枪提高射孔效率 Hunting Energy Services公司推出了当前业内最短的即插即用型射孔枪系统，据该公司描述，在*.*英寸长度内可最多可发射*枚射孔弹。H-*射孔系统在单平面配置中可使用EQUAfrac射孔弹，枪长为目前同类工具中最短。H-*通过利用专有的电池和Shorty ControlFire弹筒技术，简化了射孔弹的装载和发射，无需使用引爆线。H-*非常适用于需要密集射孔和钻机高度无法满足要求的作业场景。H-*外径为* */* in，由于消除了引线的使用，射孔弹的安装安全简单。今年*月，在美国进行的现场试验已完成，计划*月开始该工具可投入商业应用。此外，尺寸为* */* in的版本将在第三季度推出。Lightweight frac plug reduces post-frac intervention time Baker Hughes, a GE company (BHGE), has released its MILLITE lightweight frac plug, which “mills out more smoothly and cleans up better than any other conventional frac plug on the market, cutting costs and helping customers achieve first oil faster,” according to a company press release. Constructed completely of an engineered alloy material, the MILLITE plug does not contain any heavy metal or ceramic parts. The plug’s wear- and preset-resistant design virtually eliminates preset risks, enabling safe run-in rates in excess of *** ft/min. A field-ready wireline adapter kit simplifies assembly, and the plug’s friction-slip anchoring system and packing element keep it firmly anchored in the casing at pressures up to **,*** psi. The MILLITE plug mills more rapidly and more easily with less torque, helping to improve motor life and reduce drilling costs. With a specific gravity of *.*, the plug’s fine debris can float up and out of the well without the aid of additional cleaning sweeps or costly chemicals. At under ** in. long, its compact design also contributes to a lower overall volume of debris per plug compared to standard plugs. Improved data-capturing system increases efficiency, reduces costs Halliburton Co. has released its Cerebro in-bit sensor package, a new technology that obtains performance data directly from the drillbit and analyzes those data to optimize cutter engagement, reduce uncertainty and increase drilling efficiency, according to a press release. Cerebro provides an unprecedented view into an entire run by continuously capturing downhole vibration and motion data. This information helps operators pinpoint where bit damage occurred and when optimal performance is not achieved due to inconsistent design or operating parameters. The system identifies several common drillbit factors, including lateral and axial vibration, torsional resistance, whirl and stick/slip, which can negatively impact drilling speed and reliability. On a recent set of runs in the U.S. Midcontinent, Cerebro acquired information that allowed the operator to utilize a more aggressive cutting structure to increase drilling efficiency and reduce well time. These data also showed that higher drilling speeds could be used in softer sections of the well without vibration limitations. New offering determines the effect of frac hits by using pressure-based technology Reveal Energy Services has released its FracEYE frac hit analysis service, which is designed to expand the industry’s knowledge base about the critical issue of parent well-child well communication, a press release stated. With ongoing infill development, frac hits from the pressure communication between wells can cause significant production decreases in parent wells. Child wells also can underperform. The goal of the Reveal Energy Services’ R&D team was to clearly define the effect of frac hits and allow operators to make timely adjustments to their completion designs. The foundation of the FracEYE service is the company’s pressure based technology. The service categorizes the type and severity of interwell communication by measuring the pressure response from a parent well as hydraulic fracturing proceeds normally in child wells. A team of company geoscientists and completion engineers uses the pressure-response timing and geomechanics to classify the observed response into one of four categories: direct fluid transport, fluid migration, undrained compression and no signal. Partnership targets hydraulic fracture characterization C&J Energy Services is teaming up with Seismos to collaborate on a real-time hydraulic fracture characterization solution, according to a press release. The combined vision is to develop fit-for-purpose workflows that translate reservoir understanding into significant improvements in fracturing plans, field development and operational efficiency. The partnership will focus its initial efforts on the real-time quantification of the impact of various completion designs on stage performance, enabling them to adjust fracturing treatments on the fly. Leveraging C&J’s LateralScience geomechanical data, together with detailed fracture system measurements from Seismos, operators are able to understand and quantify the impact of various completion designs on stage performance. Smart alerting system for drilling operations helps eliminate alert overload Petrolink has released its Manage By Exception (MBE) system, a software solution designed to help drillers manage the high volume of alerts generated during drilling by prioritizing them, thus enabling drillers to raise only the priority ones to exactly the right person at the right time, according to a company press release. Based on user-defined exceptions, MBE is a productivity enhancing system that puts the user in control of which alerts to display, thereby eliminating alert overload. MBE allows users to identify which wells and wellbores to monitor and enables them to send the corresponding alerts to selected personnel on the system. The system identifies initial issues before they become a problem, allowing operators to correct events in real time and ensure the integrity of their equipment. Users also have the flexibility to adjust rule or notification behaviors to adapt the system to a variety of critical real-time situations and well/wellbore scenarios. The system can monitor multiple workflows remotely across a fleet of rigs or implement companywide drilling activities and best practices on every active well. In addition to the onscreen notifications, the MBE system can send messages via text and email, allowing key personnel to continue their routines outside of the office while they are away from the computer. Online ROVs marketplace flags opportunities ROVHUB has launched the first online marketplace for ROVs, the company said in January. Founder David Gault said he developed ROVHUB after seeing ROVs lying idle during the **** oil and gas downturn. “The oil and gas market is picking up, but there is still spare ROV capacity,” he said. “ROVHUB can flag up alternative opportunities for owners outside their core regions and in other sectors such as renewables and aquaculture.” Gault added that the service makes other industries aware of oil- and gas-focused ROVs that might be available for their work. ROVHUB took two years to develop and boasts thousands of ROVs and hundreds of ROV companies in its database. Gault considers it a component of a digital trend in the marine and offshore industries. “Adoption of digital technologies is gathering pace in the oil and gas industry,” he said. “It’s not just about cost-cutting, it’s also about automating manual processes to free up resources that can be used more effectively elsewhere, and it’s creating opportunities by doing things differently.” New liner top packer can withstand high differential pressures National Oilwell Varco (NOV) has released its new MSF liner top packer for hydraulic multistage fracturing to its portfolio of completion tools and technologies. Rated to **,***-psi differential pressure and a maximum operational temperature of *** F, the new liner top packer is qualified to the rigorous standards of American Petroleum Institute ***** V*. The system is designed specifically for the challenges of horizontal hydraulic multistage fracturing completions, and it can withstand high differential pressures and heavy tubing loads during stimulation. The slips, designed with nearly fully circumferential contact with the casing, ensure that the system will perform under stimulation pressures even in high-yield grades of casing. In addition, a one-piece sealing element helps to avoid swabbing and enables the higher circulation rates required to maintain hole cleanliness during deployment of the liner. Software estimates geomechanical logs, pore pressure, stresses and natural fracture FracGeo has released its software module DrillPredictor, which is a cloud- and subscription-based web service designed to put completion optimization in the hands of any unconventional reservoir operator, a press release stated. The technology uses commonly available surface drilling data from any contractor to provide the information needed to adapt any frac treatment to the variable subsurface geologic and geomechanical conditions. DrillPredictor uses FracGeo’s Corrected Mechanical Specific Energy (CMSE), which accounts for frictional losses along the wellbore for any type of drilling equipment including rotary steerable systems and mud motors. FracGeo’s CMSE is used to compute unique products, such as pore pressure, stresses, natural fractures and geomechanical logs along the wellbore. These logs are then used immediately after drilling the well to provide multiple completion optimization strategies that are quantified with an estimated cluster efficiency, followed by the propped fracture geometry and the resulting depletion using FracGeo’s advanced and fast frac design and reservoir simulation technologies. These estimations are validated with fiber optics, microseismic moment tensor inversions and production logs. Scientists create new oil-resistant filter technology Crude oil is sticky stuff and often clogs filter membranes and other equipment used in the oil and gas industry. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory have developed a novel, patent-pending approach that will prolong the lifetime of key industrial equipment. The new invention consists of water-loving, oil-repelling thin film coatings on the surface of filter membranes. These metal oxide coatings grab onto any loose water molecules while resisting oil. Fouled membranes can be a costly hassle for the oil and gas industry. For instance, replacing clogged filters during hydraulic fracturing often requires shutting down equipment. Oil-resistant membranes could significantly reduce the need for both filter replacement and downtime. Also, Argonne’s atomic layer deposition process keeps membranes from clogging during hydraulic fracturing to better filter the water passing through them, allowing operators to reuse water. This could be a direct replacement for filter units in use today. The method also could help in oil spill cleanup efforts. Pipe and container surfaces treated with the oxides could just be rinsed clean. anl.gov New AI technology to accelerate projects BP Ventures has invested $* million in Belmont Technology’s Series A financing to further bolster BP’s artificial intelligence (AI) and digital capabilities in its upstream business, according to a company press release. Belmont, a Houston technology startup, has developed a cloud-based geoscience platform using AI that has a string of unique capabilities, including specially designed “knowledge-graphs.” BP experts feed the platform geology, geophysics, reservoir and historic project information. Then the platform intuitively links that information together, identifying new connections and workflows and creating a robust knowledge-graph of BP’s subsurface assets. Much like data searches available in the consumer domain, BP experts can then interrogate the data, asking the powerful knowledge-graph specific questions in natural language. The technology then uses AI neural networks to interpret results and perform rapid simulations. Aimed at accelerating project life cycles, from exploration to reservoir modeling, the technology is targeting a **% time reduction in data collection, interpretation and simulation, the release stated. Biodegradable subsea equipment preservation fluid Universal Subsea Inc. (USI) has released an environmentally friendly subsea equipment preservation fluid called Defender Stasis LT, a press release stated. The lightweight, nontoxic and biodegradable preservation fluid provides long-term protection for subsea equipment components and interface profiles. The fluid is compatible with all commonly used metals and nonmetallic materials in oilfield service. Defender Stasis LT is ideal for subsea equipment preservation use to protect the internals of subsea trees, subsea manifolds, jumpers and flowlines during shipping, storage or wet parking. The preservation fluid meets and, in some cases, far exceeds requirements and strict regulations for offshore drilling fluids discharged to sea. “Defender Stasis LT is the first subsea wellhead preservation fluid that meets regulatory requirements for **-hour per day use in offshore oil-producing countries worldwide,” said Sean Thomas, P.E., general manager at USI. The fluid is rated as a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid because of very low volatility with a high flash point and high fire point. The fluid has negligible toxicity in the event of personnel exposure and is rated as a negligible hazard or minimally toxic for all personnel ratings. In addition, Defender Stasis LT is recyclable and can be reprocessed to its original specifications. For shipping or storage applications where the preservation fluid is recovered after use, customers can choose to recycle the fluid rather than pay for disposal costs. universalsubsea.com Perforating system packs high charge performance and short footprint Hunting Energy Services has developed the shortest plug-and-play perforating gun system capable of firing up to four shots per *.*-in. cluster, according to a company press release. The H-* Perforating System features EQUAfrac shaped charges in a single plane configuration, creating the shortest gun length on the market. H-* simplifies loading and arming by utilizing proprietary charge puck and Shorty ControlFire cartridge technology to eliminate a detonating cord. The H-* system is ideal for high gun per stage operations and scenarios where rigup length is limited. H-* will be available in a **?*-in. gun diameter. H-*’s shaped charges require no detonating cord and are easily pushed into place on the charge puck, making loading as easy as pushing a button. Field trials with major ***.******.*** operators were scheduled to conclude in February and commercial availability is scheduled to begin in March. A **?*-in. gun diameter version will follow in the third quarter.